һ˵Ұ㣬ǽ BY ľ () 



1 



죬Ͽʼ͸Ź졣 
һжܺãʲô¶ûзԸ߸˵ظҫһ۵飬Ƿˡ 
͵͵鷿ţ컹գŰֿ̽˰ΣȻԼﻹҪе㶪ˣ鰲ȫĴʩǾԲ©ġ 
ǳȫλĻ԰ʲô֪ 
ڵϣѴҲʱڻ谵һƬȻ鷳Ҹе񣬵һ뵽õϲãÿҪһ飬ѾֿС 
ҴĳţȫӰһһѻ飬ӣӣһһٰŲϣûǵĺͽʵʵôܡ 
¶һǣ¶ߣ¶ߡڵӣָһŵùİֽǩϣңȻһȫּϵӲȣʮָЪ˹󲦸ٵĳܡһ̶٣ȫڣָܸо 
²ȾӸ¶һҵ˽ղأȻһ̣95괺̰ɣھ뿴ˡ־ҰγСıȴڻ 
ȻҾ͹سţ۾ôһ顪 
ܰɣôأ۾˰ɣ 
ҸϽſǰӦ9394959697989920002001200220032004200520062007һֱұߣһ궼٣ÿҶٱˣҶ˰ǩ̼ڸֱд·ݣе¿һ˫ݣÿο궼ŻԭҴҶ 
⵽˭ɵģ 
025·ݣѽǴΣһ˵Ĵ󷴽ǣǴſĵĺھװͷнɱ£϶ڽưôǲ 
ĸû۾һﾹȻŵ035·ˣ 
һһ̵¼Ӱһ飬ԽԽ 
ҵ94꣬õˡ 
̵ֻӳͳûụ̈϶û94һ棬һһ֩֩롢컨廹̤սŴϡ顱ˤӲǴӵӰ˾ǧ¼ϲֿﻨһȻ94ꡣ 
94꣬ĶΪҲƬһμСǵʱҲűһЦԵû겻ᡢʳʡҹ£һ㶼ûǵи̽ҡ 
Ȼĳõˣ 
վڻ԰ϣľդŵ»ҵСڸһ֧¿ĵգ̤ŲӣĸԱһ·Сܣͷ嵽ߡ 
ֻͣС̱ҵɱܡ 
ҫסѳӰ¶ֱۣ޳ʵֽļ⣬Ĵ̫ɹԸеĹͭɫǷǳ͹ӲĹѾǼǿζϻͣһҪҪĵĺˮ۵ǰȥ۵˺޲ȥҧһڣǸöá 
˿ˮѳԼһҪѳԼ 
׳ˣɲǱ¶Ӣ񹲷ߣȫ˲ 
Ҷ˶ˡǳѾʱȰˤɫװ£ߺҵԴѰ٣ڸҴһֻſڹβͲ˯С̳棬СʰŻȥ˯ƣСҴյϣòҲо𽹾࣬Һߺ󣺡Ҳڰڣѹ׵ģƽġ 
Դ鿴ҿͷԴ֡ 
˵ˣ͵ͳ侲 
Ϳ棬ҷŶҲͱˣ㡣 
Դ־Ѹ뿪ּ 
ϣ 
Դգ۾û䣬ʱյڰգñңһصۣҧס 
ƾǸ㲻ҪΪһǶ㡣Ұڳֺ޲һƴ̷ҲϴСˣôΪһû¾͵Щ¼ǲܵģʵԼҲ֪ڶѾȫǵȵСëˣڿ㣬ͷǳƽľҪǾƾǸΪҶô껹ǺͰ㣬ǿȵ㣬̫ˣ 
һ䣬ţڳݷ죬ܲм̾ʵ벹ϼ˵Ȱοʱɲסͷҵ˲䡪 
ģңרעϲ֣ǻΪ֮ѣصĵطΪô꣬Ȼô꣬ڿȵԷ̫ˣ˶޷ˡ 
ԣǲҲʵıء 
ҫڷǰµȴԼüͷô죬ܻܿһѱסңҶϣ˵ЩĻŭţȥզզװס 
ѾȺˡ 
룬Ҿͷˡ 
ЦЦƽƽƽûû˵û塣 
Ȼ԰һȥˡ 
 
ͻͽΪǰɽʧǣֻתߣʵֱ󣬳üҡͷ̾ѾȫȻԼϹϹֵռĿģŲسѨ 
ԼԷˡ 
ԶԶأںңзȡЦѾ϶䣬ʲô 
ȥѲܼ˵Ķһһʰ޺ˣǼҳĻбˣ϶ɵģϳϣǴ򲻹ȻһҪúýѵһ٣úôһ٣ʰû취ˣǺǣ뿴зūؼյġ 
ģ߰Ҫ·ҳôȣǼڵĿǿᣬ̫ˣҳɫȫƣȥҲ󷽿ͲôູˣұñӶҳҺüʱعæɲס֡ 
Լĵطڱɽ£˵Һڴֻƻĺ䶯ЧӦɴԼû䷹ֱĳСҲڹԷǣڷײһסС࣬춼Ĩһ£ͷҲأɱҼţǼҲŸ̰ͼɫĲɻһǸòŮԶԷŵĶɻ 
ҺݺݵԱˣôôŸһôߣͷ̫סˣȻ˶ĲñûˮӲϴ£·ڶʪ̫עˣЩһûҿô졣 
ñܣҺڣڴ̫£ס͵Ц 
˳ֿ̧Թ̧Ĩ˧ɳ̲Ĵǣ 
㳤ֳôߵúڹ㣬Ҫٵˡ 
קק첲еС˼ 
˵סҵ֣š 
û취ҳҡͷĵκ곤ߵİݡ 
̫£һ·ţ磬ֱֱ̫ɹţҲأҿͣôôûôʺֵʱ򣬲Ű۾ɴˣһ·Ӽȴ²ӣϿһļǰߣ˭ûֵʱԼõʱ򣬱ȶһصҾռǰһ㣬ȳһصǰһ㡣 
ǵĲӾͺϳһ˵Ĳˡ 
ָ˧ļһѡĻ·ߵֳٻֲȴѧװӣвſڴ߲ҶŲĺҲӣߵסɹϵ̫ 
Ѿϰ߸Һһ 
ˣ϶Ǳ̫ģҽñӣԼԴˡŽţñӶȥɶԴϡ 
˿ִҼϣңʹųһˡ 
קͣ°̧̧ͣߣ÷죻Ҷϵпᶨ˫ۣűʯһñȴ󺣣ЦЦҺñڿסŮ 
ˣȴ̫ðݡۿڻɽ־ 
̫£ɫɽ·ˣôҶῴģţ۾÷졣 
Ĳñصͷϣ۾һƬӰӡ 
߰ɡ쵽ˡ 
ҫǡʱ°ֻֻͣһûһҵļ򣬺ҸǴ峺ֵܹϵϹŸ峺Ц 
һû׹˳ǰ˰ᣬҪɽˣȻ񡪡ʲô˰̫ˣ 
ҰչˣͻȻ˦ܣץͷϲñ𼱻ɽ̣ڹ̵ϣǹβ߹̡ 
ûкңƥҰ¿𻶡 
϶Ѿ˦ԶȻҸߣǰҲɽ¸ŴСȺ׷ȥôҪã 
Ʋˡ 
ҲҪãܸһƽߡ 
ŸɿɤӣҴȻֵãһ·쭣ۿҪȵŵĽɫ־ͣ˵ϼնߡ 
ҫ֪˦ȥˣ 
ҽź󿩵ʲôɲסҾȻƮƮͷ˳ȥϿս۾ͨȻأĽŰ˲棬е̺㲻ۣԷ·Ŀֵô˶͸͸濴ңӦȻվһߣ벻ͨа˸ߵĴһôû 
ûûϿŵ»иͣ־ƣֻǵҪܹҫ 
ϴĹݺѹѹĹ̨ϣҫͷСѧ·Ҫҡ 
Χ١ 
ΪʲôÿζҲҴӦԿţҲ벻ͨ 
ȺССķˣ˳ɻԶһ 
ߵߣæֺͷ֪˭ñʰһֻЬӼ˳ţ˳ҹͺͺĽѾ̧ˣصϥϡ 
һƬӦᶯˡ 
ǵϣЩ˾ǲһ΢̧̧֣ǵӰ̫Ч 
ҹֱ׳سļǱٳ⡢Ŀϥǡ 
ȫ 
ͷߴͦεľ䵽ĺһţЬ׻ȥϵЬƯָƯش˸ᡣ 
̻Ĺݲʹ¼ˣûüڼдʲôƴ̨ˤѾҾһŵ·ӣƯָգۼ͡ৡҵĿ 
ԽԽѵء 
ҫСϿŵĺӡӣ̧ͷңз⣬ʲôĹײԣһ£ٶңĴһЦ 
˿׷Ҳܲˡ 


עЩ˳·жһϣС׺СҸܴȾԼһ㣬ҲҶҸһ㡫ɣ [ī] 



2 


һˣϽԷȥͽ᣺ܣҾһٵ߶ûûˣϹ߿ҵȻҪġ 
üͷ΢΢һߣڲš 
һҪ˵ 
ûꣿҶˡ 
¥ĴͻȻ̽Դͷź룬ݺñȹܣɤȴȹܻ֧Ŵָֻš 
ôҡ 
һٷҸ˳ԵýͷӶζҫûӣ¾ܹǩҶ񶾵ƽǶİ䣬Ȼ˶Ұҫһ 
ڵúã 
Ҹ˼ͷӶЦ̸ 
ҫǣӸɴ಻ǵ̣ϡ 
תɫϣָȦ죬ո߳ӰǲĵӰʱѧ֣ţֻĶǵſ 
Ը磬ҲüͷˡҰ˿ڷ˶ȣϼһһȢţԭα¶ 
㣬β¶棬ͷ£ԽԽĴܡ 
ҲûãҼл˵ɤӣɫϸ˼ҫ˺ôôԸ˼ҫͷôôˣ˼ҫôãôûһһȣ 
Цɤƣҫϣҫޱ飬ҰѲ赹ҽӹͨ¶ǡ 
զզ죬ҡҡͷ룬ָɣ 
һ治˵ûϢ˼ҿһۣʲôҲֲ壬ߵúúҲܵһӣһ겻һ갡 
ҸϽƿ豭ҫһȻͻΪУܸһҫʵڶһѵܳ档 
㺰СһǼ氡ݼݼҲرһ˴ӵ˹һֱҪķۺıܣԸ磬ǹɣ 
ҫһۣζ 
ҫ˿ 
ҵҫָ˵䣬ƽֻ˵棬ǴǴη濴СвʢŷֹôҲøһ̨£һСֳ鷳ȫһ˵Ĵ 
ҫһۣҲζ绬Ҵȱϣʵݺһѡ 
üͷˣ۵ף֮Ŷаźš 
ȣ۾üͷֻصͷ֪ˣҶˣһͷһ㣡 
Ƕһˡ 
ҫ˵۾ˣԳϣķǳϡ 
һ㶣Ǳסˡ 
ݼһļһҶе㱻ס 
ˣԲˡ 
ֺǺǵӣֺǺǵܵϴ˰ֺǺ߻ȥ 
ʲôʱŸ߶˿ 
 
ִ£㻹ʲộ 
 
ҫ㻹̹ˡ㱳£϶ʧòˡò᲻Ҫɣ 
Ĵҫˣ 
ҫ˵е¡ 
ȻҲȻ 
ҲҪҲµĶ 
̫ˣ 
ҷ鵺棬̸оҫĶԲҵ飬¼Ӱ𣿿϶ûôأǾȻ뵽׷ӡ˶ʵǰĹȥĲڵġ 
в¶ʲô 
ҶڵϣڿԴϸС⾰绰ңҪȻͺҷɹȥ£ÿ׼ʱǰңǰ͵ԶңѵÿûԹڴϣ·ûںӡˮζ᲻ڻǲԣǵãڴϣǱѾ಻Ҫĵˮ׼ͷ 
ҾͲˣ֧Ʊзӡвܳ붼ܸʲôã 
Ҵ̤ߵǰһǶĺѣһǺϷļ׷һ̳״۲ңһɫ䣬һ糣׽Դʲôע⣬ǯӸɴԴ˿ÿ졣 
Ҷţƴᣬϼʲô֪веļ˼ڽ 
ɨһۣ˵ 
ûԱٳҿɾͱˡ 
Բ̾˿ 
Ҫ죬ɴ˸ãӣǳԶˡ 
һߴ֣ 
˿Ѿ׷ˣ˸ҶûüӾͱȫɨˣ˳Է𣿡 
ҫվȻͥھҶӣڲҶӵжˣһ̵ݸӦ𿨽ʣߣóԼұӣҪ͡ 
ƿòͽֽˣҸϴϴˡ 
ιֵܣҾеˡ仰Ƕ˵ģ˼ĴᣬЦ 
ȥ仰Ƕ˵ģҺƵһЦеʱ̹״ӿ˼ 
ҾᣬȻôҲҪٻҲһ [ī] 





3 


˵ϼհص 
öö˵Ĵ֡⡣ 
£ҵ£ߣŻʱڳʹһĿӰԡīҲ̫ϵӸըЧɡ 
ߣ֪Ŀĵء 
߹99%Ļͷʡ 
Ҽţ̾ô˿ôȻϡһۿҲǶĺ£뿴һԷӵӰ䵭Եô޷ 
͸īңңһۡ 
Դˣ 
־ҼԴԴЩ΢ͷ϶һһͨħƴ˹ȥ 
ɵϡָϣʳָһҴһ¡ 
˼ǣϵϼһǸɳԴף޼Ҳҵҡ 
ʲôѽұȥ·Ư 
͸иһøߺͦĸӣԱһһͷˣīסˣȴվɼ񣬿ƻǱˣ̾оڱȲڸ£ʲôأʲôȻҫīλξʽˡ̾Աôôܱȣ۾ֲ󣬱ûͦͻԣ϶ûԸһ𣬰һ𻹺ãһ𣬾ΪСβͲݳмܵĴڻ 
ҳǸСЦЦҲЦЦɵȻЦҸ㱻ѹָɽ¡ 
ߵĿĵأ̧ͷſӰԺ 
ԭǴҿӰ 
ôˣֲСʲôӰֹ̫Ӱ뵽¼¼һһ￴Щһһʱĵ⾢ͷͲ̫ù 
ɷ˵ ҽ 
˸λȣ˲࣬Ҳ㣬һŵɳλ԰ҫߵһߣԼ˯ 
ĴĻһ 
ộ 
ԭҫΡ 
ͻȻЩţҲˣŤһȴԷֳˡ 
Сԭ 
ҵСԭ 
ҫԱߣժ˾ӣɫһԼ 
еձ 
ħƵĿǣ˵ĶϣҵĸĵɫͷΪ֮ޡ˭Ϊ֮ò΢΢Цʱӿֻ飻곤˸Ҳ˵ټ§סԷҲֻǸݵĻ䣬ӣģֱȥŻ˵ģҵİ  
ҵСԭʱСԭ 
ݵò㿴áܾӰҼָ» 
谵£ģҫŵòǻԶ⣬Խκ˻ɢҪǱʮ˲ıһ䡣 
Ҳˣվק 
ʱӰƬͽ뼤Ϸԭʼºɫȹ㱳ǴɫĹ¥ӡ 
һֱɣ 
˵ɣ͵ջһֻסŤŤȥһͼһǲվ 
ʲô죬 
һסҶ䣬Ҷһǳ̣Ͱᵽǰ 
ҹЦ㵸ֻиʹһ࣬©˾Ƥ 
ԭŲǰ棬Ů΢΢߳۵ 
ӿʼˣǵһ 
ܹҪʮʮ㡣 
ҽ£ȣȻǿ죬ԱӲ˫ȼ䣬ϥǿʼȥִӰ¥ֱ굽м䣬ҿȥ 
㡣ҫ˵б󿿵׼׼¶ûĵطʱҧסҶ䣬̼ǡôĶһ£סֳ 
һţҧֱֻܰѽѽʻضббɳֵ֣סţȱȴ󳨿ҷȫǱơ 
Ҷ䣬ŬϣʲôҪ 
ôʪˡ͵Ц˵ƽ̨ʣؼʱֳ 
Ҵ󾪣ȥԭء 
쵽ǰָͷ촽ҿؿңֻܿ 
ͷȻţָʳָϸ·ζҵζ۵Ŀɬ 
֪Ѿɥʧǣȫɥ 
˿ 
һ£ʱǴķ 
ңؿڡ 
ͷѾʲôθŪֳ鿪ҳҼ׵˳˼һβ׵ȥ 
һҶ 
ҲҪ 
ҲҪڵӰԺף 
ǰվ߶ߡ 
ҰưҪվңܲ˰ק棬ߴλҵסʵ 
߹ˣ߹ˡ 
й 
ĬĬĽһҲƽ 
ãֻбԴǴС򣬲ǡ 
Ӱ棬Ѿɴ 
ϣ̡ 
㡭㡪 
Ҵ꣬޺ҧĲӣ׼˴һڡ 
߶ߣ 
ѾȥָȴģָҳڣγͿȣָͷѨڱԵתƣţ࿪ 
ˡˡ 
ҷ߶Ҷ߶´δҲ 
ڣǸȥˡ 
ָȣָ棬ͣǣǣõҶʼ᲻һҳӸקɣӦòɡ 
Ұ΢΢ 
˿˵λҺʪԴҪһҪӰ 
ҷӦ죺㣬Ҫ㣬ȻҪ㣡 
ڲ˵Ҫ㣬Ļ 
乴ָҼ׵ʱͿϮϤ׻Ѿ׼ʤӭӣȴִ 
ҪںĵӰԺһҵÿָ 
Ĥ࣬սһ㣬ͻͻͻرڣõԴһƬհס 
Ӱ꣬˶Ҫɢ 
ѹסұӴ°ͣ䣬ߺߣ㡣ص㡣 
ڳյ֣ץұӣſʱסҵ죬ҽǡ 
ҿȵš 
ֱ߳׵ҪϵͷʺҵĺܣͬƵʣҧסҵһС 
۾ʪˣȻʮҲˡ 
ƹէѾͬľͷˣ֪ʲôʱѾˣҲ˳ƽˣͷҲʵڶͷǰˣҴš 
ϡϡ䣬ûӰ 
վҪˡ 
ûõļһسЦ 
ұ׷ϣһĿĻú󱳿ţȫзǳŵˬζ㿴òҲԷ 
лǶҷĵ㲻⣿ 
ұ죬۾ʪણҳԿϵ 
ޡڣȫƣѻѻ 
˰ֱϲĴ̫ɹˣͰʹԴ 
ҫһ·ؼңãһ·ɷīǴοһȥɴϢƲҲõľԽơ 
Լſ̨ϣҿţأʡ 
¼Ӱ㶯İɣ 
ֲҪȥƴӰĸ͡ 
ɫ̫˲ϼ 
ƿţû 
ҳ󺰣ûҪСԭֻ㣬ҫ 
ӺܶܶǰһζЦһҿޣһǣһ˺һΰ֧Ʊ˵ЩǮ㹻ҵɣһҲ˵˿Ұ㣡 
ҫҫֻƯӿʼ͸òŽס [ī] 



4 


߻ߣդߵңŵᣬң 
һҲĵӰӫĻˣ᲻ʧѹ 
㲻ĵӰӫĻˣգ۾ץﲡ 
ԥһ£ҡһ¡ 
ģ׷㶼ûʹңҡ 
롣 
˵ɣҵü˳ۣ״ֻûҡҡ 
ҡҡֱһĪ⣬߻ؼҡ 
ҹִ׷棬˵ӣţӣ򿪱䣬óһϴõϵȺɼĲɣó㣬ҿľͷͷƤе㷢顣 
յͷˣҪ¹ 
̲סʳߣ 
 
ҵĻˣӷѻϣڴĳ豭ڹۿıȣխխΣģػģصģӱ󿴾ҡҷ쿪ҪȥʳĿһ˺޲̱ȥӲˡ 
Ϧʣƹ⣬ϡ 
ߵߣ߽ˣҪҵ˼Ҳݺӡֻ֣ʮָſסҵĿתӿ졣 
˲ʱȪӿ 
ְ˽ųֻģЦĵ⣬ƴĨ۾Ҫȥˮ塣 
Ҽ磬ʯۿһҪ 
۽⿴̧֣󾪣Ҫң 
ִסԴ΢΢45ȣҷ֪ 
ģһƬֻǳͫиСεҡ 
Ҫˣҵһȭйߣứֱ 
սңĺͷߣС֮ǰҪ嶲ţұ嶲סˡ 
ҫҪƴɿ۾סӣǲǴҪҧһڡ 
ϣ㡣 
ȴſ죬̵ͷҵ۾ҵͫʣҵľ״壬 
ʪ󣬺ʱ򣬱ڵʪ󣬰Ե 
죬һߵɫһ߸ɰͰ죺ҶӶˡ 
Ӷ°ͣײһˣ 
ɵˡ죬ϵͷһͷԵĺЦģȻԼôҲϡ 
һߵε 
˿۾ֻҡ۾۾￴ʲôϡ⣬ûƯûʲôƣ 
ֻһ 
Ȼֻһڲںúÿҵ۾ﵱȻֻӳһˡ 
˵ɶңҵ𰸺̰߿һߣػȥĲˡ 
ſϣûع 
һĹ죬¼ 


¼¼ûˮʯ 
ڶ죬˾ʹŮǼ档һݼݼ̰а档 
óкöѵССǰһֱҪСܣСԹ̫컨Ǯұݼݼ߸߾ɻСݼݼЦǱ̵ϸߣҲסңְְֱ֣ 
ҸϽСԴһССȺСԴǰְϹܣ·ܿͻᴩ£ҪԹЬֵˣָھСˣ첻᳤֪ʲô˵Ьӻ޻Ǻ£϶гϢ 
Ѿˡ̫ˡ 
ݼݼСԴֻжԲԲ𣬶Բ 
СŮǸɰְ֣Ϲ 
ԷʱյĶݼݼϲĲˣߴߴţԵһ룬Ǵ˵ȤС͵͵ϥϣˣұϣ¶ϵֻСӣֻλƵСʽţҾӣ˵ȼȣҸϽи꼦ҪܣҾֺǺǸ˵ұСȥԱˡ 
һζ⣬ҧһɿˡ 
Ҹ˸СʣٰѴ͸磬ڵשϣƵͦҨһڣҨһڣݸҡ 
ŮǱкãĻˣҺݼݼϲְֻ裿 
СŮһЦӣϲ 
͵͵ӿڴͳ׼õƬǰǸɰְϴθ˵С㿴 
ˣܶһּۣԡ 
ҰƬԼǰţСӡ 
Ķҡ 
ĶƬ϶ľͷǹкҲСģҰˡ 
ˣָһڱܣʾİοɡ 
Ҳˡڵϣһ㶼ѳˡ 
ܰҲСܶܳ԰ɣϲζҪڣҪ԰ȥҪ֪ġ 
Ǿͺˡ 


Ҹڣǻؼҡһ·ϣݼݼܱҡҡڰڡ 
ǽţ˱ţſڳϣ͵͵©˵磬ǼλۿҪˡҰͿඡ 
ûͬ⣬ôҳ㣿ӣҿ⾵ 
ͬաˣˣ㻹Ϲ㣿 
ȣէ죬һ 
ҡҺǺһЦˣԸ磬ô꣬ȥҸһˣһҪҪˣһѡ 
˸ҳһƣǺֵܾͱ裬Ҳֻˡ벻ͨ벻ͨ˿ҪôİһҿԿ㲻 
ͷ̫ˡ 
ӿؼҵʱˡţ·ߵͣŷһǮͳǸʻҺܰеʺţÿҶȥ㲻ܼ棬Ҳʳȱ 
߳Уһĳϣֱſα̧ͷҿŴҲ°ɣСֿ϶˯ˣܻܰ˯ǰ俴һۣǸǱӡ 
һ̵֧ţҳܣֻÿʱпطŻһ㡣ѡҫҵļˣѪҲĹΣܰѡİ취ûǲҪҽСɵƽǲҪǵס 
ѡ·û·һ۵ʸˡ 
̳˰֧ͱ紵ϨˣҰѧתƣһȦûתƮƮŵףûǼһԼ֣иָҹҲй󣬿ֵڶָͷϣ۽ˡ 
֪Կϵô᲻أ㿴ʲôУʲôûУ㿴ҹﶼᷢıʯҾǽָϹʯǵ㿴ûʲôãӵľҺԸǸɵɵϣ벻ͨǵȥȥȷ䵭ʵǰգڸвŸɢ޵˭Ҫժϵǳ§ڻţǳҪ濿ߣֻ̫Ͷ㣬ܿôһʵν䵭䵭Ҳûо鲻飬ֻ䵭Ը񣬳˶ϷҲ˶ҡ 
ؼҿʮ㣬ǽĽ硣 
ϴ裬ڴ˯ˣ͵͵ѷյˣ󿪴Ҳžŷ磬ǳڱذϡ 
˯ԱһȺĶһֻèƶһִҼһȻҵȣͷҲȥӲĹŲŲУ⶯ѹ¶ʲô˯˯ôԵ 
צҺ󾱣һ㶼 
ҡɳƵɤҲڰ˯ѣ˯ûӦǴ䣬Ҳ֪ˬҾһѡ㡣 
һ̧ԴડԴټ˯ 
ˣ㰲ˡҰַŵϣţ˯ 



ע:ûдٰ,ý׵ծ~~[ī] 


5 



ڶ죬Ҵ򿪳ţÿҲֱ֪˶ˡ 
һҪҳСñž鰡飡 
ˣҧгݱ߳ȥš 
һ軨ᵽСŵĻϣСſĻøˣëĨгɾ͵ؿҳɹضεĴ԰ʵĴ԰ǰҴӺ˻֣ԼҵĴ԰һˮ˴룬С´ļںϣþȻʢҾͰЩʣµ԰ӡ 
ҫڡʱʱһء 
ϡΪЩڻһգвҵʵֻ䲻ֻ𵰵ĸЩǮĸܰǣҲùҫǮ 
ҵļְɣΪǵССϡ 
ȥˡ 
Сź˿ҵݹȥˮչأ֪ҪңôÿζǸˣ 
ôÿζǸˣ 
Ȼ 
ڷһ㲻ܵطȷ硣 
СҲܹΪȷ硣 
Ҳ 
ҳסԴü 
˿ڲ裬ʼˣ 
ʦ㵱ǻˣôÿûǸˣͷ죬޹ֻĴϢң˵úõˣôȥͬҲѹ֣˭ҫ 
ҹ۾Ҫͬ 
ҳŮѿӰҪ浽ȫƬҸȶȫƤʱ֪Ȼȥ飬޵òûȥˣ˵鲻ˣ˵ҫڷƬǸŮǣһĽͷǸˣһùݣƬˡҿǸҪˣ˦ǳ¡ 
ɣҫͷ豭˿ڱԵ衣 
챧ƽ㻹ζʲôͷǸ˿ﲻܷҫʲô˰ʦ˵㣬Ҹʶ꣬ҿ㵽ڶ㶫ҵ磿ЩС˲һҫӰۡŮɱ֡ǮˡҪʲôʲô 
룬СҲС˵ƽȥһô죿ϷҲѾ񣬱̨ʻᱳԴۣС 
С̾ҡͷҪ 
ҾͰѻʻȥˮ 
Ǹ˳ôǲŮˣģ 
һɡ 
ÿθҶ˵һ㣬׳ʲôȻҿĸӰǣһȥҲøŮѴ 
ֽϲƬ𣿡 
ǿ϶ǼٵģҪûĺãǸ̫ͨˣҿ˶ûӡ󡣡 
ʲԻݶһо 
ҫĸǸ 
ǰ 
Сզզ죬û뵽û뵽˰죬˼⣬ֻͷָϽͻŪݡľˡ 
˰ɡˡ 
Ĳ鲻ԸĥҪϳ 
ۼֵõ¸ڣګګ˵һľ٣ 
ʵһͦҫġ㿴ҪվĵλôҳԼͬȢ˸ˣΪĺӡ 
ҰˮƿˣݸСĿ 
ʦǺˡСҵļ硣Ⱦơ 
174Ҳˣô˭ҵļ磿 
ȳҺСŰ 
һϤȡ 
BMW߳һˡ 
СŵֱۣţͻȻܽʻңֽʺһ̨ 
ŮôĹóҿֶڶ£Ͻӹ첲ġ 
ңǼãȻ 
ק߹ȥͻȻؼҲк֣ 
һûü˵ 
СͻȻȭͷ󺰣Զ֧㣡ԶӰԣ 
üһҲˡקסܹȥҫϲ˿̫ˣһȷʵ򲻹ѧʮֵĺڴ3,ĳͣʮǰȥϰǿϵ롣 
ҫȤ 
ҸҫVƣɵЦӰԣϲϲˣ죬գ 
ҫҫСһʱǻزˡ 
ҫ߹Ӱգáĳʮǰ߳Ļë 
ܵĳˣڰӰۺFANS£һԼ˺󣬵ýࡪҫ࣬ͷЩңǿĺ 
ҸϽǰͷץ֣ҵ֡ 
Сſ⣬źϺϡ 
ಡؾͷ֣ͣûԵϣҡҡڰվȣץ 
ǲò 
СٵϳźϺϣ£ҪҫһϻСŵĳǿ룬һûӰ 
ëһˬʣ߷СŵĻеĺͱЩܳӵͶࡣ 
ܻصҹˮȡ 
һҪȥһڣ㵽ɻң˳żΣ򣬿Ұһ衣 
£ϻһ˵ղűϷŪҶˣȥķ» 
ô֪Цɷн¡ 
ҺףģҪϴˣ߿ 
֣֡ 
һϴɡһߣԼӣʣ⣬ԡߡ 
һ㺹ûϴʲô裡 
˵ϴ 
ˡû¥Ƕˣҽˡ 
һҪһϴ 


ҴڣԡžõĻЧŸѶȵĿڣ׼עϻ 
ҲɿĹļңȡƤȫǼƷ̰߸ĿɿڴëͷСƽϴ裬ˮ˳ʵı¡ 
˲ͬô꣬޷ϰߡ 
ҧӲšƴëԼѡ 
챧ƽˣζζ 
Ҳζ֪⸱ģЩЩƤУǲšζѾ裬ҩɾȡ 
ǸƽˣҲŮˣҲģֲֻΪңǸϼһˡ 
ˣ㱧ˣҲӦһܳĲŴ 
Ƶǻ֣˱ңĻиһ˵ļ飿侲زݹ̣ܼɸ߳ȫסҵܱƵҿ˲ŻйԤ֪ÿÿշת̫ˣ˶ǰûԼ 
ޱᣬǻޱռе 
еţҲ֪Īȥ· 
¡ 
߹һûĭվƯþԡİޣҰקסԼĶԱͻȻеŤ߲ѡ 
飬ָ׼β׵ǵİݣ΢΢š 
һ£ץſӣҼװҪˡϸúߡ 
ŲԱߣͷ봩ӡ 
û˵ҪҪֱ֣סҵ٣Ӳңȵǰ 
Ѿƴ 
Ұ֣ͷۣҲ 
һ顣 
ҲûҾӣôϵƤǲҵҪܲôҵõ㡣 
û취һ㶼ֻͶⷽ棬Ǳ˲֪ʮǧ 
ҼܲɡұԹԼ 
΢΢ߺߣվֱ£˫ȣҪҲ濪ȡ 
ǿЦұԹ˶࣬Ҳûʲô˲𡣡 
ͣ 
㲻ҲȢţ˶ӡ첻ʹ 
Ӳ 
ұ̵ˣ߳ŭ죺ǰһźӡ 
˵ڣס죬֪ΪʲôûûкӣΪҡ 
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡Ҳҿ֣ͻȻܳգԼӣҳԿס 
Ҳ֪ҸҪҳԿף˾û٣Ҳ֪ҾץסԿףץסһԼȨ 
һԿҽŵ£̧ͷѾң͸Ҳ 
߰ɣɣûûεĹ 
һ䣬ߣ顣 
ҴӰβ׷ȥѾڳϣڷӣҪ뿪ңʲôͳȥһӹͻȻڳһü嵽ǰֻ֪Ҫһ£ֻһ£ܱҵӡ 
ֻû뵽 [ī] 



ע:һ,ԿʼԽѻ,ҫʲôʱԶ˿飬ܴܲ׵ĽǶдһ?~~Ҳ˵,ôŤˣôͬˣҲ׵ĽǶдˣһǵ,Ƿ⣬ܽһЩ~~~ܶʱ룬»ĿռӦǶԶߵأ׵뷨͸о,\"м\"İ飬ֻҪ˿׾,ֻҪԸڳʱڻϧԷOK.ԸǶOK.[ī] 







6 



һҪǣȻͱ䲻ɣҲһǸӡ 
֪ˡ 
ԭҰɡ 
ҫ㣬͸˵仰ɣ 
źʯ࣬һǰҫѾ죬һʹŹ˾ֱҵġʬסʼ 
治װֻʹһʱԣȴš 
ǰ 
ȴɫڴߣŸҵƻζͺ 
˿˿ѣ뿪ңҾɱţɱӡҾɱԼ 
ĿˣȻһɤôҹ̥û޹ 
ңֻоźʹ࣬ۿҲˣҾѡ 
ףҧͷڶۣˣûиҺɫ 
ҷ¹ȣűϣʵСȮ 
 
Ұͷϥϣʵʵſš 
ҫҰ㣬ҶԼ˭Һ¡ 
ͣ 
ϥǰһӴԴҺһ֣ʧģž浹ء 
վҳҵ˫֡ 
ţҶϣ̤һĲȡˡ 
ӿȥګګԡ 
ֻбøһһδεشַޡ 
ҹִҵ־ٵֱֱѹƯĳָҸϽץͿϵʱȴͻȻһӣشҵ֡ 
ҽʧ־ȡ 
ҫ˺ܶǰӸ£ǶǶҲмһˣѹϣͰǿҿӣҵȣ͵ص롣 
һ۶ٿҡ 
ʹʹس壬Ҳױϣмͱȵľظֻй£ͣģֻʹҵ屻йĹߡ 
ۣʪĲǾҺѪˣܣ 
ұҡڶŪֽ 
ֱˣйˣڵϣҲﹻˣɣۡ 
˰ɣ 
ȴ⣬ָ̧Ͷǿģϻʯࡣ 
Ҳ⡣ 
ɤӣһ԰ס 
㲻ôԼ˿Ҿʹڰź̫ãֵͷֻ漼ôζ㻹ҪβŹôҷ裿ʹ㣿ɵҲҾΪʲôҪֻûĸεĻ쵰̹ɣ 
˵ɭ䣬вΣա 
ұۣҲ 
óɡҶܶǿҵĸ龾ҵģԭҰɡ 
á 
ңҸ˵ٸҾȳֽţһҲǲס㵱ֻ˵Ц棡 
ſۣҪҲҪȳӲзϡûܣûܡȥ׷ˡ 
 
ҵзϵҵĴ㰲ţѾŤһȣ浱黨ת䣬Ҫɫ 
淢Ҿ군ˡ 
ۣǻԼ֪УָֺܿϾٷһ 
Цôʹɱˡͻ㱾¡ 
Ҽ֣ҶӶʹһƴ֣ҷ񲣬ģ߲˺ֻۣΪҶ֪ˣ侲͡ƣޱռУҲޱİôûһķ 
ǸûûεĹǸ쵰ɵɵϣ֪ܲңܻ޿ֱ֣Ϊȥ˺ҲŸ˲ŷģ 
ұͻ㱾¡ץ֣ʹţߣȥķ椰ɣҲҪźñźɣʵǸ뱧ңʵһֱ뱧Ů˰ɣ 
Ŭɴڵۣͨͨϴ˵Ǵȴͬģԭ±˿ԭ³Դ׵˿ɣ 
գۣǰ 
ǣߺݺһͦûлŸоԣȥ̧ҲͷĶǺѪ 
ңҿֲңԼ 
ſ˫֣§ӣճ뿪 
ûܣûܣҶ˵Ļûˡ 
Źһͣڿ֣߳ 
 
´Ҳûбҧгݴˣôڿġ 
߶ʱҪߣҪһ²ܲʯࡣСݼݼңһڳæҾͰɳϣݼݼ档 
м䣬ҫ绰˵Сˣݼݼ棬ɿ󵰸ؼҡ 
άһҵ̬ȣ䵭ܣ绰ʡ 
Ϊʹ࣡ 
СѼ˸ңҰιݼݼ 
ǳˣС൥ֱ룬¹ҫһᳳܻϡ桪˿Ҳ׼۸ҫ 
һڼûҲ 
ҫǰѶ˿ԵʵأĹ۲죬˿ҫܲã 
ϵ룬Ůһȥúң 
ʲôʱҫʲôʱвˣҲлȥʲôʱЩŮ˶ţַˣ㲻Ц͸ûˣʲôʱҫ۰ȫʲôʱҫȥ֣е˼һľҾںҫ̫ˣҫôãôܣ 
óֽʣΪĳżֵ 
ҿʼǸ˺ôöôкöзḻŮˣȷʵмܡ 
ҺҫĹȥֻҺҫ֪ 
ҸݹֽСԼһѮ˽ѵ䣬ȻζܣȷҪ˼ 
ҫҫż֣ΪʥΪѹѡ 
ˣûճճ 
㲻Ǹˣճ쾭塣ңҫǶԵģҫҲǶԵģһҫǶԵġ 
ԺעģҺںҫֻҲ̫С࣬лл㡣Цܰؼϼһһ 
ҪСġȻҫҪˣһϲȥ壬С˵ӣ͵ҵˡ 
ðɡǰ죬ٸҸ᣺Ҫʧˡ 
ְѼذϳԵҩãҪҪǸҲҪûţҪߣָ뻹˵Ʒҫúÿҡ 
ϣҫˣߣһ˵˽ҪȥĶĶγӡ 
λֵͦҾͲˣԲߵⲽ 
ҫŻͷңȾƣϻŮˮŮ˹˲ſϻؼҡ 
һ仰Ҳ˵ 
ϴ裬һƬᣬ˯ϣԶԶȥ 
ǱߺˡҴյߣŤŤ˵ò˼ڶ֮䣬 
˦ң 
󱳣ճţȥ˵ˡ 
Ұ쵽棬ûһĹ۵һ֡ 
֣֡ 
ֹ޺ȥɺãҲźںڵ컨һ 
һӣ̾ģһԶһȤҲûеԱߡ 
Ҫ㡣 
Ҳ˵ 
Ҫ´ܻҪˡ 
ȥܡ 
ңҰקȥڸſˣʯڴ档 
㻹ıܣѹסˡ 
˵ÿÿüĿڻ谵ҲóµӢ 
۾üëӣһִŴ¡ 
ȻҾͲ֪øʲôˡƽһ㣬֣ҪҲķֻҪͺãֻҪҽԼ͸ҿ֣򵥣洿⣬һһ㶼ƽȵĽףҪҰԼȫŻá 
ȴѻƬһ񫣬ʲôֻмǵ۵յﷸий٣־߬ģûûнףûп֣ûá 
ҲǶ˿ֻġ 
̫̫ʱҾѾ˭ˣҸһ壬ģҲҵġ 
𣿡ᱡЦҵ¡ 
㵽ҪΪǳʲôʱ򣿡üͷֳţסͷ­ϸϸ˫𣬷ǳҷ߷ߣҲ֪ײֲɣ㿴Ǻܺãûбײ 
һƣ˦ϣҾ 
ס죡ûûεĶ 
ǿұĻɽŭؾҵͷͻȻ̧ͷſ죬ʹҧסҾӣӹһƬջǵľۣ俴Ūңһҧøɴࡣ 
ҵ壬кͿңȫĽǡƤļ 
ôߵҿ׷ˣҿǰʲô취ûУҡҡ 
ҲףڲףΪʲôҪô 
ҽͰͣ޴룬ѾΪʲô£ҶԱȾƺȵθףҶܴιʮȵĴ󺣾ΪһȴҶһ̱һһ㶼ǵҵһӣôᱻС 
ⰲο˵ڣִһơ 
ֻһ֤ 
þøĦҵ壬߳İǰϷʵǳ뱩ٸıݺһٵġ 
ãڵвӲקڵȵ鲻ԸãûҧҲĿȣȻҹⱲӶվţᣬϸ£ߵ㣬㡭 



ȥɻǰһ鷿ӣ߽Ǹ䣬ҷָ䱾ˣŶûأҵĵӰĴһء 
ҫųˡûߣԼʱ䣬Ǵڵڡ 
һССӰȻŲڡ 
ںҫߡ˶Ҫͷ 
ڼжϵҳɾ͸ʮ㣬ҿǻ۽𾦣һС 
ȥĲϷһھ͹ˣʡ 
ϷǸ̸ƬҶʱڴϢӰ 
űֽڴ 
šҵͷֽ 
ҿһҳһ飬㲻ݵӰˣ 
±ֽң񶴴ң㲻Ը⣿ 
ֻǺͻȻӦ 
ĵӰ𣿡 
˼һᣬ϶ 
Ҳ˼һᣬȨףҪģðɣͬˡ 
ڳһͬⲻͬҶ̩Ȼ֮ĿģŲôġ 
4353࣬10׼ʱλ˿õǻ׼ 
㲥ڴߴ١ 
аСʱ 
֣ϵ˫ֽҰȥ5032.5cm㹻סҪ¡ 
أǣһġ 
ҫס°ͣҡҡ̫ңǻз»š 
ǺһЦαװ״˺ˣҪˡ 
ͷһǡ 
ֽºֽ࣬ŷ 
ҵļĦ 
ÿʹϢ̧ͷʱ̱ٿΧ 
һվǰվһɫȹӵŮˣһСкǰ档 
ӰϤСкǰ˶ЬΪְʱҪһ룬̫ˡ 
ҵͷҫ˵ҫңǳƽ 
Ҳô 
ܹȥҵƽţҺܰСɡ 
ͷСкҲͷ 
ܰ 
ܺãɫһμҪõö࣬ǰģ۾ЦȥȥƯܰ 
ҲܳԾңһû뵽 
ȥСɣ㶿İˣұʵʵȶȣССֳˣָˡ 
ұСӣͷСԴϣţʡ 
ܰҺͶӣСɵı塣 
һϣ༫ˡ 
ںҪȥס 
ܿҵ׷ʣ˵֪һݣѾһˡ 
ʲô֪һڣ֪ȥǣ 
ҡҡͷЦɬ벻ʲô𣿡 
ұСɣСѵԹñܰùСѧˣɼһжðɡ 
ڿϻشңãǶܺá˿ԥһ£˵ҪÿټôǮǹˡҲǸ˵Ǯ 
డģ׬ģģ֣ҵҶǣ㲻Ϻܶɡ 
ܰЦһ£ЦҵĻԣ˸֡ 
һô࣬ҼҶ׬ 
Ҹʸȴһˡ 
һڣôǧҪ˵ʲô˵ĻǧҪܰѿһ 
̵ܰ񣬲˵Ҳס 
ҵҫķ粻ӡ 
ҫ˵ллܳȫǡ 
Ƿ̰ɣܰ룬ܰùè޺ӼٴȱܰҸϽܰͣģһ㲻֪ڣ㲻Ҫ⣬˵ܰ㲻ҪԲ𣬶Բ𡪡 
ܰ˵ֻǳȫ˿㺦һһΣѡ㣬޻˵ 
ܰ 
ܰңǼǿҪǰҫˣΪ޵ļ֡ 
˿ڹúܺáԸ⣬СһﵽǼ棬˿ 
ҫ˵ĻҶë˰ɣôааݣҫѵˣȷʵзȵܰ 
ܰ˵á 
˵ã 
˶ͷԴתòˡ 
ұСɣҫƽܰ䵭 
ܿ죬ҫͿ±ʱ䵽ˡ 
˵Լ 
ܰеСɽӹټҪˡ 
Сɣϲϣʹ 
ֵɲǣСҶϣ˵ְ֡ 
ֻһüҵĶںҰְ֡ 
ſ֣ҫסҵļ磬ǣˣİСһҰڰˡСЩ¶ȴҲ 
ҿ뿪ʧڹûµַѶֻеǻٱǰļ仰л죬Ѿ̫л졣 
ҫסңҼֶ˵Сϵңְ֪֡ 
ұο 
ҫǻʱһ˷ܣСҫ 
ԸСɹԸ⣿ 
ŮԸ⣬ҾԸ⡣ֻظνīϣ˵ò 
ܰԸ 
ҵͷ΢΢ȴǰܰԸ⡣ 
ղţҫ˵ 
ȣܰȻҲС 
΢΢ 
ҫڲǶˣҵߡ 
Ȼòͷȿҡ 
źҴ󺰣һǰͻˣ㺰Ϸɻ죬ʱ֪ƫƫҪȵߣǲ˵Ļ쵰 
еȷɻ˶ڿңҼͨ죬ҽкɻǲסҴӢĴƭ˵ʾǡ 
ҷ裬΢΢һЦ 
Ҳ֪ʲô취ô鵽ܰģҲ֪ΪʲôҪҸǼһ棬Ҳ֪еǮôô࣬Ҳ֪˵ԸСǲǵСɣ֪ǲܰСȥסĶ֪һֻǾʹĲңȫ֪ 
пֻ֪һк󣬶أЧҵ 
̫ˣǵģǸ۵ˡ 
ȷʵ鵽ܰСˣҺǼһ棬ǼӽǸӴ֡ 
ˣˡ 
߽ң۾ŭѬ죬ҶǳŲʵʲôҲںģģֻǶԵƾ硣 
վǰܶǰǸ£Ӧҵʱޱڴ߽£òһĶǣԱߵ˶͵͵ҸԼ˵һ˿֡Ϊ֪Ҫʲô 
Լͣۿǣ֪ʱ޺ܲȣٿ˵ 
ַڲϣһӡһӶ޷ĥĿ̺۵֣ࡣ 
룬룬Ǳߣ㲥ڴߴ١ 
һҲҡ 
ֲݵӰô⣡ֲŮǣҸﶶҪ 
һһ԰Լ˫ֶȥ 
ȻõĵǸط 
´βҪҽ̫쵰ˣ¡ 
ʲôøһ㡣 
￴ܲ߶߶ң˵һ䣬Ȼߡ 
ֲɵӣôῴ 
˵˿ܻѡҵģһֱ֪ 
˵˵֪Ҫô࣬Ҳѡ㣡 
һ϶ѡ㡣 


ԭ㡣 
͵͵յǰСҾƷղضѻľ 
ҴˣôãҫٻأԭС 
ٴΣñӳ鰡顣 
ҪҪԱܣ 
룬Сһ̶ɫש״ľһ͵ 
ι 
иСǼңһ棬һϲǺǣϲͺã軳ʱһ˵ҪǸǧСͰҶӡ 
ԼҲһڡ 
ζš 
̫ԶɣȻϣԽʧԽ󣬵ϣúá 
һġ [ī] 



ע:лˣϲԵ,~~ôҲһĿģɴȫ˰~ûˣԺҪҵҵд,̾. 
д׵Ƕʱ䣬Լеһʱ䣬޾ʲôʱ˯ʲôʱ˯һдëȵƪҲǰ6д,дҸоͦãھͲˣԵѧǺð~~ 
ڵˣ᲻ˣԼԴ㰡~~޲ɢϯ,˿ҫĹҲøһ䣬û׼ʮһдĻдһƪ<ʮ>.пܡ 
֪¶ĻǶ,ľľһԼС,ףԸԼܿ¼Ļ,ǺǣϲŴÿһλСľ. 


 
